HISTORIA19: LA ZINA. Zina (Arabic: الزنا ) in Islam is extramarital sex and premarital sex. Islamic law prescribes punishments for Muslim men and women for the act of Zina.
Zina (Arabic)
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GESTOS QUE HE VISTO CON MIS PROPIOS OJOS. |
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Zina (Arabic: الزنا ) in Islam is extramarital sex and premarital sex. Islamic law prescribes punishments for Muslim men and women for the act of Zina.
Islamic law considers this prohibition to be for the protection of men and women and for the respect of marriage. Zina is considered one of the great sins in Islam.[1][2]
Verses 24-2,3 says: "The woman and the man guilty of adultery or fornication flog each of them with 100 stripes." “The adulterer shall not marry save an adultress, and the adultress shall not marry save an adulterer or an idolater All that is forbidden unto believers.” Clearly the punishment is not lethal since the adulterers and adulteresses can marry subsequently.
The most accepted collection of Hadith Sahih al Bukhari has 4 entries under 3829, 8804, 8805 and 8824 which refer to death by stoning. The case under 4829 involved Jews who were stoned to death in accordance with the Law of the Torah (not the Koran). 8805 says: "A married man from the tribe of Bani Aslam who had committed illegal sexual intercourse and bore witnesses four times against himself was ordered by Mohamed to be stoned to death". 8804 and 8824 overlap each other. And in both the narrator acknowledges his ignorance of whether the stoning to death was carried out before or after the revelation of Quranic Verse 24-2.
The Hadith is very clear but is silent on the question whether stoning to death was ordered by the islamic prophet Mohamed before or after the revelation of the Verse 24-2.
It is well known[citation needed] that the Quran was revealed in stages over 23 years. Until revelation on a specific point was received by the Prophet, he followed the law of Moses or the traditions of Abraham but once a revelation was received, there was no question of his substituting it by his own will or by the law of Moses. In any case, there is no record in Sahih al Bukhari or any other accepted compendium of the traditions of Muhammad of another Rajm (death by stoning) carried out under the command of Muhammad.
Some scholars support 'Rajm' by attributing a statement to the second Caliph Omar that a revelation on the subject had been received but had been lost. It is generally accepted that the Quran was compiled in its present form during the period of the third Caliph Othman. Some scholars maintain that the compilation was already available during the life-time of the Prophet or during the Caliphate of the first Caliph Abu Bakr.
Hence there is an obvious discrepancy and the statement attributed to Caliph Omar needs to be rejected for being prima facie erroneous. And also because it is the firm faith of the Muslims that the Quran includes every word that was revealed by Allah to the Prophet and not a word has been lost or added to the revelation.
- The term zina signifies voluntary sexual intercourse between a man and a woman not married to one another, irrespective of whether one or both of them are married to other persons or not: hence, it does not - in contrast with the usage prevalent in most Western languages - differentiate between the concepts of "adultery" (i.e., sexual intercourse of a married man with a woman other than his wife, or of a married woman with a man other than her husband) and "fornication" (i.e., sexual intercourse between two unmarried persons).
Contents[hide] |
[edit] Conditions
- al zina
[edit] Qur'an
The Qur'an does not allow extramarital sex.
| “ | And go not nigh to fornication; surely it is an indecency and an evil way. | „ |
Moreover, the Qur'an considers extramarital sex as one of the major sins besides polytheism and murder:
| “ | And they who do not call upon another god with Allah and do not slay the soul, which Allah has forbidden except in the requirements of justice, and (who) do not commit fornication and he who does this shall find a requital of sin. The punishment shall be doubled to him on the day of resurrection, and he shall abide therein in abasement. | „ |
[edit] Punishment
Some believe that punishment for adultery according to the Qur'an is noted in Surah 24 (An-Núr), Verse 2:
| “ | The woman and the man guilty of fornication - flog each of them with a hundred stripes: Let not compassion move you in their case, in a matter prescribed by Allah, if ye believe in Allah and the Last Day: and let a party of the Believers witness their punishment. | „ |
[edit] Interpretations
Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, a well-known Pakistani Islamic scholar, has examined all hadith related to Rajm in his book Burhan. Based on principles of Islamic Jurisprudence, such as the one from Shatibi, who writes that Sunnah is either explanation of the Qur'an or addition to the Qur'an. If it is an explanation, then its status is secondary otherwise, it will only be considered addition if it is not discussed by the Qur'an.[3][4] Ghamidi concludes that Quranic punishment for Zina in verse [Qur'an 24:2] does not leave a room for another interpretation.[4] He also writes that stoning can only be prescribed for someone who rapes or habitually commits fornication as prostitutes, as it constitutes hirabah (maleficence in the land) and punishable accordingly.[5] As it is attributed to Muhammad in following hadith:
| “ | Acquire it from me, acquire it from me. The Almighty ALLAH has revealed the directive about women who habitually commit fornication about which He had promised to reveal. If such criminals are unmarried or are the unsophisticated youth, then their punishment is a eighty stripes and exile and if they are widowers or are married, then their punishment is a hundred stripes and death by stoning. — Sahih Muslim, 1690 | ” |
The former regulations (i.e. the steps taken for the punishment to occur) also make some Muslims believe, that the process' goal was to eventually abolish the physical penalties relating to acts of (fornication and) adultery, that were already present within many societies around the world when Islamic teachings first arose. According to this view, the principles are so rigorous in their search for evidence, that they create the near impossibility of being able to reach a verdict that goes against the suspect in any manner. [1]
Punishments may go ahead despite a lack of the forementioned evidence if those guilty of adultery or premarital sex decided to admit to their sins, and then accepted the punishment. This would be an indication of honesty and piety and if the sinner repents and vows never to commit such an act of sin again (Tawba Nasuha), then their punishment of the lashes or the stoning would acquit them of the sin they had committed on the day of judgement. If confessed in sincerity, the punishment purges the offender of the sin in the hereafter so their punishment on earth is less severe than what they might receive in purgatory.
[edit] Hadith
There are many hadith that outline capital punishment as a penalty for adultery, including two of the following:
Imran b. Husain reported that a woman from Juhaina came to and she had become pregnant because of adultery. She said: I am pregnant as a result of Zina. Prophet Muhammad said: "Go back, and come to me after the birth of the child". After giving birth, the woman came back to prophet Muhammad, saying: "please purify me now". Next,prophet Muhammad said, "Go and suckle your child, and come after the period of suckling is over." She came after the period of weaning and brought a piece of bread with her. She fed the child the piece of bread and said, "Oh Allah's Apostle, the child has been weaned." At that prophet Muhammad pronounced judgment about her and she was stoned to death.• • •Reported by many companions that Ma'iz went before Prophet Muhammad in the Mosque and said, "I have committed adultery, please purify me." (In another report, Prophet Muhammad asked Ma'iz that the reports he heard about him are correct or not[6]) prophet Muhammad turned his face away from him and said "Woe to you, go back and pray to Allah for forgiveness." But the man again came in front of prophet Muhammad and repeated his desire for purification. The act was repeated three times, until Abu Bakr, sitting close by, told the Ma'iz to leave, as the fourth repetition of the plea would get him stoned. But the man persisted.Prophet Muhammad then turned to him and said "you might have kissed or caressed her or you might have looked at her with lust (and so assumed that you committed Zéna)". Ma'iz replied in the negative. Allah's Apostle said "did you lie in bed with her?" Ma'iz replied in the affirmative. He then asked, "did you have sexual intercourse?" Ma'iz replied in the affirmative. Then Prophet Muhammad got quite uncomfortable, and asked "Did your male organ disappear in the female part?" Ma'iz replied in the affirmative. He then asked, once more, whether Ma'iz knew what Zéna means. Ma'iz replied "yes, I have committed the same act a husband commits with his wife." Prophet Muhammad asked if he was married, and he replied "yes".Prophet Muhammad asked if he took any wine, and Ma'iz again replied in the negative. Prophet Muhammad then sent for an inquiry from the neighbors of Ma'iz, whether or not Ma'iz suffered from insanity. The replies all came in the negative. Prophet Muhammad then said, "had you kept it a secret, it would have been better for you." Prophet Muhammad then ordered Ma'iz to be stoned to death. During the stoning, Ma'iz cried out, "O people, take me back to the Holy Prophet, the people of my clan deluded me." When this was reported to Prophet Muhammad, he replied "Why did you not let him off, he might have repented, and Allah may have accepted it."It is reported that the woman in the above case was not punished.[7] This makes Ghamidi believe that it was a case of rape and Ma'iz was given the punishment of hirabah and not adultery.[4][8]In all traditions, stoning only occurred after one of the adulterers voluntarily came to Prophet Muhammad and bore witness against themselves.
[edit] See also
- Islamic sexual jurisprudence
- Sex and the law
- Nikah urfi
- Nikah mut‘ah
- Rajm
- Namus
- Ma malakat aymanukum and sex
[edit] Notes
| This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding reliable references. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (February 2009) |
- ^ Qur'an 24 :2
- ^ Qur'an 17:32
- ^ Imam Shatibi. Al-Muwafiqaat fi Usool al-Sharia, 5(4)
- ^ a b c Javed Ahmad Ghamidi, Burhan, Al-Mawrid
- ^ Javed Ahmed Ghamidi, Mizan, The Penal Law of Islam, Al-Mawrid
- ^ Sahih Muslim, 1693
- ^ Ibn Sa'd, The Book of the Major Classes, 4/324
- ^ It is reported that on that day, Prophet Muhammad said to everyone: Didn't it happen that whenever we go out for Jihad, one of us is left behind, who is tempted by his sexuality for a goat? Listen! It is obligatory for me to punish such person in an exemplary manner. Sahih Muslim 1694
[edit] References
- Sayyid Abul Ala Maududi (2002). The Meaning of the Quran. Islamic Publications (PVT.) LTD.
[edit] External links
- Articles and Opinions: American Muslims need to speak out against violations of Islamic Shariah law (Asma Society)
- Islam Online Fatwa
- Stoning to Death - A Forge Principle
- Zina in Quran (Turkish)
- Poisonous Arrow - Zina
- Stoning to Death
- Punishment of Rajam
- The Prophet's Stoning of Adulterers and Quran's Directives
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